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I wonder how many would get accustomed to the pain, or may even develop a liking for it. BDSM is a thing, after all...
Does education of women have to be reduced to keep the population from decreasing? That's the position of some fundamentalist Christians [1], some branches of Islam [2], and many haredi.[3] Used to be considered silly, when overpopulation was a concern, but it's being taken more seriously now.
[1] https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/18/technology/replacement-th...
[2] https://tolonews.com/node/198993
[3] https://forward.com/life/326299/putting-academic-study-for-o...
I'm holding off on upgrading to Ubuntu 26.04 LTS until we have a few months of experience with the new release. Canonical just had a huge DDOS attack, and there might have been other attacks hidden in all that traffic.
> the students themselves don't have the artifacts to resubmit via email because they were done in Canvas
It’s so simple to send an e-mail to the student with relevant records on completion of a quiz or whatnot. They don’t do it, because they want to control the data. (And universities don’t insist on it for who knows what reason.)
Once again, an example of why corporations should not have free speech. Corporate statements that are transparent lies should be criminally actionable.
The boy is a biochem PhD student at UIUC and reports that all their finals are now cancelled. "Is this good news?" I ask. "Yes. Everything coming up Milhouse."
It’s incredible humans spot stuff like this. I guess even more incredible that LLMs can do it!
I don't disagree, I just want to say I've been really liking DeepseekV4, which is on par with Sonnet 4.6, in my coding tests.
Yeah, I don't know, I build stuff for a niche, but then it turns out I can't really reach any other person in that niche, so it's just me using my tools (which, personally, I think are fairly well made).
How do you solve that?
I totally understand why a university wouldn’t want to bake their own learning portals
They used to, in the pre-cloud/SaaS era; and they were much simpler and better UX than the slop that they're renting today, because the actual users were not far from the developers.
I've seen plenty of people on HN claim that LLM's running on their phones is the obvious future in terms of not just privacy but also efficiency, i.e. better along every possible metric.
They don't usually go into much detail, but the impression I get is that they think data centers are energy monsters full of overheated GPU's that need to be constantly replaced, while your phone is full of mostly unused compute capacity and will barely break a sweat if it's only serving queries for a single user at a time.
They don't seem to give much thought to the energy usage per user (or what this will potentially do to your phone battery), or how different phone-sized vs data center-sized models are in terms of capability.
The reasonable assumption is they believe a recession is coming.
Depends on which funerals you go to.
I've absolutely heard eulogies that talk about stylish grandma was up to the very end. The could go on about how she never left the house without looking like she could have been ready for a photo shoot. How she brightened every gathering she was a part of, and even had this marvelous ability to pick the perfect accessories, including -- yes -- handbags.
You seem to be conflating two things that are different -- "fabulous taste", and "conforming/consuming". Putting together and accessorizing an outfit is an act of creation. Looking sharp is usually quite the opposite of conforming.
Remember that when you dress with style, you're brightening the day of the people who look at you, like a walking work of art. Some people look at it as vain, but other people understand it's making the world a more pleasant place, just like good manners or a helping attitude. If you can appreciate the way a tasteful statue adorns a park, you can appreciate the way a tasteful outfit -- handbag included -- does the same.
If an exploit is found in the software, hackers will often be able to attack hundreds of separate institutional installations in an automated way just as easily. And depending on the exploit, potentially more easily if on-prem admins fail to take all recommended security steps.
I'm actually much more interested if there is any financial liability for Instructure here? It's interesting that it's the universities being ransomed, while the technical failure was Instructure's. We're used to uptime SLA's -- what about security breach SLA's?
That's why I designed my bot to have a very small core, with most other things being plugins, from the start. I also containerized everything and made it so the bot never sees API keys as well.
https://stavrobot.stavros.io if you're interested in the design decisions.
> we could start over from scratch
I don’t think we can. Maybe we find some mathematics that let us build the model from first-principle parameters. But I don’t think we have something like that yet, at least nothing that comes close to training on actual data. (Given biology never figured this out, I suspect we’ll find a proof for why this can’t be done rather than a method.)
>However it did not matter. The posts remained popular and continued to bring in comments even after the admission that they were fake
That's 90% of current Facebook pages and groups.
I wonder how much old data Canvas keeps around? Are students who graduated in 2016 going to be at risk of having their academic data leaked?
That depends on which side has more money.
>Atom-based
Not exacty enterprise grade servers then?
Ok I don't love making fun of someone for their appearance, but by god that is a pointy head.
This makes me sad. My son was just about to be old enough to build his first PC, and was showing interest. I guess I'm going to have match his savings 1:1 to make it possible now.
> between 2019 & 2023 there were 23 passenger fatalities across all rideshare services and taxis
Which is way more than the total number of homicides on the subway system. All of this is before adjusting for trip frequency. (Uber and Lyft do about a fifth of the trips as the subway.)
I lived in New York for 10 years and go back frequently. I take Ubers and cabs (and Blade) all the time. It's convenient. And sometimes, yes, I just want a quiet space in which to relax. But pretending it's safer is simply untrue.
Could this be "social network" in the generic sense and not just the electronic sense?
“The layoffs reflect a shift to an AI-driven operating model, CEO Matthew Prince and co-founder Michelle Zatlyn said in a statement.”
Wat.
The IRL social network is actually the important part of the trust structure.
The only one of these I've seen that really worked was the Debian developer version: you had to meet another Debian developer IRL, prove your identity, and only then could you get the key signed and join the club.
There's a machine for this, and you can rent it - the Barber Litter Picker.[1] It's a large tractor-pulled machine, like an agricultural implement. It's a variation on their Surf Rake, which is used for beach cleanup. The Litter Picker is built for dirt, hard ground, grass, and pavement. It's used for large outdoor festivals. Scoops up everything from cigarette butts to lawn chairs. Video of cleanup after a big festival.[2]
Big festivals are cleaned up in a few hours with this heavy equipment.
[1] https://www.hbarber.com/litter-collection-equipment/litter-p...
[2] https://videos.files.wordpress.com/IxQgz6Oo/lp-concert-jiffy...
That’s not true. People have been saying it since, at least, the 1980s.
Not a lot of people were listening to it until he started to be considered a serious Presidential candidate.
Future exists to stabilize instantaneous commodity prices.
They also allow some insights on future demand, which can help you plan production of your commodity.
I don't follow. LLMs spotted these bugs in the first place. You seem to be saying that these discoveries are indications that they're bad for vulnerability discovery.
Not really, people that argue about assembly on Godbolt tend to be the specimens that the site was created for, those that count CPU cycles per Assembly instrution and are religious about which programming language syntax generates the less amount of Assembly opcodes.
The rest of us uses it because it is cool way to share code snippets.
Because Android is not Linux, as much as some pretend it is.
In fact, given the official public APIs, Google could replace the Linux kernel with a BSD, and userspace wouldn't notice, other than rooted devices, and the OEMs themselves baking their Android distro.
> a group of people impose a 1-3% tax on their population.
It seems the consensus is that a taxes are only bad if you have to pay the government. If it's a small set of companies that collectively own a virtual monopoly, it's because they earned it.
This is an interesting post from Cloudflare, as usual, but it's not clear to me why they would have been vulnerable to CopyFail. Did I miss the point in this blog where that's addressed? What triggered the threat hunting and mitigation exploit? At what points in their architecture were they reliant on Linux user-based access control?
This shit will come to Discord too.
The issue for many apartment-dwellers is storage. You can't store a year's worth of detergent, toilet paper, and cleaning supplies in an apartment.
Costco really incentivizes shopping in bulk, from the huge value-pack sized portions to the focus on frozen & dry goods to the super-sized carts to the anxiety-inducing shopping experience. My wife and I shoot to go no more than once a quarter, just because it's a hassle.
We found our habits (and need for Costco) changed dramatically once we moved into a home and could now put in a chest freezer and pile toilet paper rolls in a corner.
When Google did that, did they default the "sending data" feature to off?
Do I even need to ask?
The nice thing about Trader Joe's is that you can be in and out in 5-10 minutes if you're just buying weekly food items. The store is modestly sized and the checkout lines are short. I'm in there about once a week.
I go to Costco once every three months or so and buy paper towels, detergent, and other consumables that have long shelf lives. I don't feel drawn to it; it's just the warehouse for boring items to buy in bulk. Their hot dog is OK. But a lifestyle? No.
If you have an executive membership they guarantee that you make back your membership dues. If you fall short you can just ask them to give you the difference (and then they will downgrade you to the regular membership).
But also remember regular members don't get cash back. The ratio is about 50/50. So about 40 million people pay for membership and don't get cash back.
> Costco derives the majority of their revenue from the membership fee,
Costco revenue is about 2% membership fee and 98% sales of merchandise and services (most of which is merchandise, not services.)
Now, the membership fee is its main source of profit (because the merchandise sales are extremely low margin), but not its main source of revenue.
I highly doubt that anyone would expect that a chat transcript from a fairly insular group to be made public in this way decades later...
> Many of these things were actively advocated for by the Progressive movement, back in the early 20th c.
Yeah, the early 20th Century American Progressive movement has no connection to the late 20th-early 21st century American progressive movement, the latter of which adopted “progressive” not in reference to the earlier movement but in reference to "progress” in contrast to what its members perceived to be increasing static defense of a corporate capitalist status quo by other elements of the American liberal movement from which it emerged. It is a essentially a social democratic movement, which is about as far from the early 20th century movement's technocratic elitism as you can get.
I'm intimately familiar with SOC2 and I'm telling you it has practically nothing to do with software security and to the extent it does, the story is improved starkly and mechanically by agents. That's an outcome of how superficial SOC2 is, not a statement about how good agent code is.
Of course, the reality is that competent orgs generally exclude virtually all their software from their audit scope, and it would be a mark of incompetence to loop tooling-grade or line-of-business backoffice code into it. But even if you were crazy enough to do that, agents would improve your outcome.
Anybody claiming that SOC2 is a reason agent-based code will falter is talking about the world as they want it to be, not as it is.
"Data centers for LLMs are technically more energy efficient per-user than self-hosting LLM models due to economies-of-scale" is a data point the internet isn't ready for.
I think the issue is that you pretty much can't pay enough.
I was reflecting, since becoming a parent, that there are basically two lenses with which to view the economics of parenting. You can children in terms of their cost and benefits in monetary terms, where money is the end and children are the means to that. Or you can view money as the means to support and provide for children, with raising them as the ultimate end goal. And people with the former worldview will most likely never have children, and if they do probably will not make good parents. Parenting is a 24/7 commitment for at least 18 years. It fundamentally changes the course of your life. And children also need to believe that they are the most important thing in their parents' lives, which is hard to do, by definition, when the most important thing is money.
I sit here trying to get some rest after having 5 days of rotating sick kids. When the baby was sick, he would wake up literally every hour; last night was the first in 5 days where I had any sleep stretch longer than an hour. (This also pales in comparison with the newborn phase, which is like this but lasts for about 4 months.) How much would you have to get paid to go without sleep for months on end? I was at a party a few months ago where someone asked "How many of you have caught vomit in your hands?" Every single parent raised their hand while every single non-parent looked on disgusted. How much would you have to get paid to catch vomit? I've been reliably sick about twice a week every winter for the last 7 years. How much would you pay to let a little germ-factory infect you all the time? (When governments have done medical experiments on this basis, it's been called abusive.)
When you have a realistic picture of what parenting actually entails, it starts to look a lot more like the economics of pricelessness [1]. There is usually no price at which people will be willing to compromise everything you give up by being a parent (usually things like liberty, experiences, security, peace) for parenthood if you don't want it. And conversely, there is usually no price at which people will give up the experience of parenthood for more money, if that's what they really want.
[1] https://ribbonfarm.com/2014/08/12/the-economics-of-priceless...
Sure, but these aren't normal conditions. So that JIT amount is gonna rapidly become NJIT.
This is why I frequently refer to "next generation AIs" that aren't just LLMs. LLMs are pretty cool and I expect that even if we see no further foundational advancement in AIs that we're going to continue to see them exploited in more interesting ways and optimized better. Even if the models froze as they are today, there's a lot more value to be squeezed out of them as we figure out how to do that.
However, there are some things that I think need a foundational next-generation improvement of some sort. The way that LLMs sort of smudge away "NEVER DO X" and can even after a lot of work end up seeing that as a bit of a "PLEASE DO X" seems fundamental to how they work. It can be easy to lose track of as we are still in the initial flush of figuring out what they can do (despite all we've already found), but LLMs are not everything we're looking for out of AI.
There should be some sort of architecture that can take a "NEVER DO X" and treat it as a human would. There should be some sort of architecture that instead of having a "context window" has memory hierarchies something like we do, where if two people have sufficiently extended conversations with what was initially the same AI, the resulting two AIs are different not just in their context windows but have actually become two individuals.
I of course have no more idea what this looks like than anyone else. But I don't see any reason to think LLMs are the last word in AI.
In that parallel universe web sites stop publishing RSS because they are overwhelmed with the polling traffic. The world really does need something like ActivityPub as much as Dave Winer denies it.
RSS has two polling speeds: too fast and too slow and it can even be both at the same time.
> California leaders have done everything they possibly can to chase refiners out of state
The refiners are running out of crude. Having more refiners wouldn’t solve the problem.
If you want it to be sarcasm, treat it like sarcasm. What's the worst thing that could happen?
It seems more like SSTables, which are widely used by open-source software like LevelDB, HBase, and Cassandra (and Google's BigTable) but AFAIK don't have a standard open-source reader (unless you want to pull the relevant source file out of Cassandra or LevelDB).
https://www.igvita.com/2012/02/06/sstable-and-log-structured...
Until last spring my bots never saw those Cloudflare CAPTCHAs despite not taking any serious evasion measures. Then all of a sudden they started getting them 100% of the time on sites I was crawling. For that particular project my webcrawler was cued by a bookmarklet, like I was picking the pages to import manually so switching to getting the data right out of the web browser got my system back on the road.
I always had the feeling that the Cloudflare CAPTCHAs discriminate in various ways, for instance I would see them much more when I was browsing on a Samsung Galaxy tablet than when I was browsing on an iPad. They disproportionately affect the disabled and I wouldn't be surprised other vulnerable populations.
If I had anything to do with it having a CAPTCHA or a GDPR popup would be an immediate WCAG fail at A level.
No, its not.
Randomly inserting “allegedly” where it doesn't belong isn't a requirement for news organizations, its sloppiness. Inserting it appropriately may be a requirement or at least a reasonable effort to avoid overstepping the facts (and avoid liability for things like defamation where overstepping would harm reputations), but this is not that. The source they are attributing the claim to did not say that the data was allegedly used, they said that the data was IN FACT used. Either of these headlines would be reasonable and accurate given the facts in the body:
“Authorities say Flock cameras' data used for immigration enforcement”
or
“Flock cameras' data allegedly used for immigration enforcement”
The actual headline is, OTOH, just plain wrong.
And then on 2028 we will be selling ice cream at the beach.
I don't know why but this chain amuses me: RaTeX -> KaTeX -> LaTeX.
I guess it shows how everyone loves but hates LaTeX and is always trying to bolt on that one last thing that will make it good.
Compared to other drugs, alcohol is metabolically significant, like you can easily drink enough alcohol to affect your energy balance directly.
That said, my experience is that my weight swings about 3kg if I am using cannabis or not using cannabis but that's got something to do with how it changes my appetite.
Ah, the terrible agony of realizing the hoi polloi aren't entirely wrong about everything after all.
How are people supposed to act while waiting in line to check out?
You can use modern off-the-shelf models for those types of tasks, however a smaller-but-bespoke model will usually be more cost-efficient if used at scale.
The Go runtime provides its internal scheduler for "goroutines" (roughly "green threads", threads which are managed in-process and not by the OS for lower overhead), a garbage collector, and so on, which in turn are tightly integrated into the language.
One of the things Marx got right was to analyze society in terms of economic interests, and realizing that there was an intermediate class whose interests are more linked to that of the upper class than to the interests of the masses.
In feudal times, kings and barons needed lesser gentry to carry out their plans. "Billionaires" likewise need armies of professionals to run their organizations. This group "works for a living," but that's a superficial distinction. In reality, those peoples' financial interests are strongly linked to the interests of the billionaires. There's a lot of people who "work for a living" that sent their kids to college by helping paper up deals that moved factories and jobs to China. The fact that those lawyers and accountants and bankers also "work for a living" was only a superficial similarity they shared with the factory workers whose jobs were outsourced. What dominated was the material interest--one group had skills that enabled them to benefit from globalization. And another group lacked those skills and suffered from globalization. You'll see the same from AI.
Your "class solidarity" has had the opposite effect of what you probably intend. The more the upper middle class started seeing themselves as "part of the 99%," the more they diluted the mission of organizations that advocate for working class interests.
This subthread has people using "improve" to mean "increase" and "improve" to mean "decrease". Maybe you guys should stop talking past each other and converge on replacement rate?
Up until very recently, and especially in Africa, huge amounts of effort went into reducing birth rate to avoid locally-Malthusian situations with high child death rates and occasional famines.
You think they’re leaving any of that behind?
Some sort of memories-style file for topics so it can generate even more cross-references and a sort of shared world. Not for total coherence; the natural contradictions the LLM is going to generate anyhow is just part of the charm. But still sliding the scale a bit more in the direction of coherence that the "use this page's context when generating the clicked link" already leans would add some more appeal, I think.
For instance, you can build memories around times, topics, and people, so maybe specific individuals will be quoted multiple times over the course of the wiki and could build up a specific identity within the shared world.
Also... I don't know how you are thinking of this internally, but other than the issues of token spend and the $$$ involved, I would say, don't even blink at simply nuking the site at some point and starting over once you have some moderation stuff in place and other limits. Don't put it on yourself to filter out what garbage has already been generated. It's all transient content. It lazily regenerates itself anyhow. It's not precious, except for, like I said, the aforementioned token costs, which I don't deny. You can probably put some other tweaks in to the prompt to your liking at that point too.
>> The first is when novices in a field are able to produce work that resembles what their seniors produce [...]. > The second is when people generate artifacts in disciplines they were never trained in.
This phrasing made me think of Baudrillard: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulacra_and_Simulation , in particular "Simulacra are copies that depict things that either had no original, or that no longer have an original".
The AI produces something that is statistically similar to what it was asked for. A copy, through the weights, of some text selected from all the text it was trained on. A simulacra of good work.
"But I suspect that the ProgramBench authors are either under-eliciting the AIs, or their tasks are unfair/impossible given the constraints, or both."
I'd go with "impossible":
"Given a gold (reference) executable and its usage documentation, a task worker is asked to write source code and a build script that constructs a candidate executable which should reproduce the behavior of the gold executable."
The test cases are built from an AI doing an examination of the source code and producing test cases, and later text also confirms that the AI during the production phase can't read the original executable so it can't reverse engineer it directly, so the test cases are being drawn from a situation where the tester has vastly more knowledge of the program than the implenter.
That is a losing scenario for anyone, be they human, modern AI, or even some hypothetical perfect programmer. Take ffmpeg as an extreme example. The documentation does not even remotely specify the program. Entire codecs can be missed at a stroke, and each of those codecs is itself a rich set of features that may or may not be used in a given input or output file, but the final tests can freely draw from any of those things. And trying to implement a codec from just some input and output would strain anyone, especially when the input is all but certain to not be sufficiently broad to make the determination for sure.
That sort of issue extends all the way down to even some tiny command-line programs I've written myself. The end-user documentation is never a specification. That's not what end-user documentation is. And even if you did hand the AI all relevant specifications you'd still get an implementation of the specification, but anyone who has ever implemented a non-trivial specification into real-world situations can tell you all about how even the spec is never enough.
I think that's an absolutely ridiculous test. If you handed to me as a human I would simply refuse because I'd tell you straight up front that it is plainly obvious I'm going to utterly and completely fail, so why even bother with the time to try?
Which groups are those?
"Among voters under 26 years old, the only race-by-gender group to have majority support for Harris are women of color."
"Our best estimate is that immigrant voters swung from a Biden+27 voting bloc in 2020 to a Trump+1 group in 2024. This is not a small group either - naturalized citizens make up around 10% of the electorate."
(Source Blue Rose Research, a top data analysis firm hired by Democrats: https://data.blueroseresearch.org/hubfs/2024%20Blue%20Rose%2.... Pages 7 and 9.)
You're overlooking that the geriatric people are carrying on the traditional liberal/conservative debate on both sides of the aisle. My observation living in an area that has a mix of 70+ WASPs and younger black and hispanic people is that the WASPs are the ones who are by far the most incensed by Trump. They don't just dislike his policies. They hate the way he talks.
> Therefore, why not assume every trade is insider dealing, unless proven otherwise?
This kills the crab.
(investors are driven out of markets when it is obvious that they are being cheated)
> The truth is that any empire needs to pick off rivals and rob them, in order to keep the empire going.
This also kills the crab. (And most of us along the way: we're already in a limited kind of world war, the sort of thing that has a history of escalating)
Who else here is old enough to remember when Martha Stewart got jailed for insider trading?
Because a household typically has more than one person in it, which immediately means no credit card debt.
For a while my car buying strat was to buy a new Asian car and run it for 130,000 or more miles. In the pandemic though we had to get my son a car in a hurry so he could drive to work and new and gently used cars were hard to find so we discovered you can always get a pretty cool old car for that kind of money with the expectation that pretty soon you're going to spend about the purchase price in repairs; in our case it was just fine because once he had the job he had the money to pay for repairs himself and it is still a lot less than the payments on a new car.
Well not quite, unfortunely Rust still has a bit to catch up with 1989, it isn't only the Turbo Vision inspired IDE.
https://ia801901.us.archive.org/5/items/TurboPascal55/Antiqu...
> Fast! Compiles 34, 000 lines of code per minute
https://archive.org/details/bitsavers_borlandtur5.5Brochure1...
Measured on a a IBM PS/2 Model 60, meaning an Intel 80286 running at 10 MHz with 640 KB for MS-DOS, up to 8 MB depending on extenders and HMA configurations.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PS/2_Model_60
And if you feel using the language complexity excuse for 2026 hardware, see OCaml, Delphi, D, or C# AOT.
What expert would build a cli tool to avoid writing a bash one-liner?
Would you happen to have a link to that?
I think there's a reasonable argument that the most stable Linux gaming API surface is actually Proton.
None of this is really going to change until we end up with a situation like the EA/Apple Store conflict: a major player unable to sell a game on Windows for some reason.
Oh boy, I can relate to the sentiment of the article, it feels like how it has always been in enterprise consulting.
How Apple luster for services growth makes it indistinguishable from Android, while being more expensive.
> The Daily Mail has been telling us that the Yellowstone supervolcano is about to blow for nearly thirty years now at least.
That's the Daily Mail, though. They platformed Andrew Wakefield, a misrepresentation of science that has a massive body count.
A more serious question for Silicon Valley is the San Andreas fault.
Yes, the "correct" reaction to the ambiguous tiles is to hover a bit indecisively. You need to waste a certain minimum amount of time on the CAPTCHA. I've found that applying videogame reflexes and zapping all the tiles in a short period of time is a fail, even if they're the correct tiles.
>AI didn't take our jobs. Greed did.
Sure. But when it comes to coding, even greed couldn't do it without AI. At best it could outsource, still giving it to humans.
I think actually this competes with the old BerkeleyDB: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_DB - which I now see is no longer BSD-licensed, and in any case has been rendered almost extinct by SQLite. It was used for basic on-disk key-value store work.
>They both stem from the same LLM root and positioning them as significantly different is weird and unconvincing to me.
It's the difference between caring and not caring.
> The work they've put on Proton/Linux gaming easily wins my support.
Lets not be naive here, this is the money they are saving in Windows licenses for the Steam Deck, and having their own store instead of Windows Store/XBox PC App.
Yet they are doing zero to foster native Linux games.
And everything turns to shit. Even when you pay premium for it.
I said "too many". And mostly meant people with a say, as in "design by executive board/committee" as opposite to someone or a small team with a vision. Not about not having users.
In any case, the point still stands: most companies absolutely can't code "faster than they can ship" and for that have huge backlogs of things they'd want to add or bugs to fix.
But they keep the 4-speed transmission? For what purpose?
One who has a true mastery of programming should be able to write any program in any language, or at least see how to do so, because one thinks in terms more abstract than language-specific constructs yet is able to map them to any language.
Relatedly, here's TLS 1.3 in VB6: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35882985
From whatever programming language you feel like using.
it would be remiss to not mention the most excellent ben-eater's 8bit-computer https://eater.net/8bit and ofcourse the nand-to-tetris book + resources (https://www.nand2tetris.org/)
The thread has had moderator attention, as you can see.
Not quite that high. Around 15KHz. (15,734 Hz for NTSC, 15,625 Hz for PAL.)
Who else expected the "certain elements in the shot to be out of focus" link to lead to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokeh ?
If you don't want any frame stacking, you'd need to use a dedicated camera instead of a smartphone, because a smartphone without HDR isn't viable.
I have an old Android with a 13MP camera (Sony IMX214, 1/3.06") that leaves HDR off by default. I haven't had a need to turn HDR on except if I'm trying to photograph something with regions of extreme contrast.
This is obviously, fatuously untrue. The problem has nothing to do with uncertainty about the validity of IQ. The problem is that most countries don't routinely administer IQ tests. I'm always struck by Americans who make this claim, given that virtually nobody in the US is ever asked to take a real IQ test.
I encourage you to cite the actual source you claim has authoritative "average IQ" scores broken down by country. According to you, they're readily available with a simple Google search. Fire away!
Equity means equal results.
If you work harder than I, for the same pay, that is equitable but it isn't fair.
> the US grid can’t handle the current rate of expansion
This is a self defeating argument. Neither can space!
Any scenario in which you can get data centers and power into orbit is easier on land.
It wasn't until fairly recently
By "recently" you mean Win95? MSVCRT.DLL has been there for at least that long.
The statistical murder isn’t by the parents who fell for disinformation; they’re victims, to at least some extent.
The statistical murder is done by the people spreading that disinformation. Wakefield. RFK Jr. Alex Jones. etc.
but it is apparently the consensus.
Not everywhere, fortunately.